What certifications are needed to export machinery to Russia? How to avoid customs clearance delays? What are the payment risks with Russian clients?—These questions trouble many Chinese manufacturing companies. This article will systematically address these frequently asked questions and provide actionable solutions.

I. Preliminary Preparation: Compliance Determines Transaction Success

Compulsory Product Certification

• GOST certification: Russian Basic Safety Certification (Applicable to Machinery Products)
• CU-TR certification(Customs Union Certification): Involving Special Machinery Such as Pressure Vessels and Lifting Equipment
• Fire Safety Certification: For Equipment Containing Electrical Components

Document System Establishment

• Chinese-Russian Bilingual Contract (Must Specify INCOTERMS 2020 Clauses)
• Technical Passport (Including Equipment Parameters and Operation Guide)
• Material Certificate (Especially for Machinery Involving Metal Processing)

II. Customs Declaration Practice: Four Core Documents Are Indispensable

Internationally - recognized Safety StandardsCommercial Invoice: Must Include HS Code (Recommended to Confirm Classification with Russian Party in Advance)
Regional Mandatory CertificationsPacking list: Indicate Gross/Net Weight and Packaging Method (Wooden Case Packaging Requires Fumigation Certificate)
Cultural and Religious NormsIt is recommended to verify through the following methods:: Priority Application for Generalized System of Preferences Certificate (FORM A)
4、transportation documents:Maritime TransportationThe bill of lading must include the FREIGHT PREPAID clause.

III. Transportation Solution: Balancing Cost-Effectiveness and Timeliness

Transportation method	Applicable scenarios	18 - 22 days	Full - container cold chain
China-Europe Railway Express	Heavy Machinery Over 10 Tons	18 - 22 days	★★★☆☆
International Road Transport	Urgent Small-Batch Orders	12-15 Days	★★★★☆
Sea + Land Transport	Oversized Equipment	35-45 Days	★★☆☆☆
Air Transportation	High-Precision Instruments	5-7 Days	Innovative Mode of Pre - customs Clearance at the Port

Special Reminder: It is recommended to purchase door-to-door insurance to cover risks throughout the transportation process.

IV. Customs Clearance Pitfalls Avoidance: Special Requirements of Russian Customs

Internationally - recognized Safety StandardsProduct Code Verification: Check HS CODE in advance through the Russian Customs official website (customs.gov.ru)
Regional Mandatory CertificationsCalculation of Tariffs: Average tariff for machinery is about 5-15% (plus 20% VAT)
Cultural and Religious NormsDeclared Value Review: Prepare purchase invoices to verify the authenticity of the goods value
4、Common Inspection Reasons:

• Discrepancy between documents and goods (model/weight difference)
• Lack of EAC Mark
• Incomplete translation of technical documents

V. Cross-borderIn order to crack down on tax evasion, the customs and tax departments are now strictly examining the operation of buying export declarations. If the behavior of buying export declarations is discovered, the regulatory authorities will require tax replenishment (even a 2% tax rate may be a considerable amount). In addition, fines may also be imposed on the relevant responsible parties.: Triple guarantee for fund security

Internationally - recognized Safety StandardsPayment Method Selection:

• L/C(LC): Require the Russian bank to issue a SWIFT letter of credit
• Telegraphic Transfer (T/T): Recommend 30% advance payment + balance payment upon receipt of bill of lading copy
• Cross-border RMB settlement (CIPS system)

Regional Mandatory CertificationsRisk Prevention and Control Measures:

• Insure short-term export credit with China Credit Insurance
• Guaranteed transactions through third-party payment platforms (e.g., Yandex.Money)
• Ship in batches to reduce financial risks

VI. Frequently Asked Questions